A city that died (explaining why it grew and flourished and why Essay

A city that died (explaining why it grew and flourished and why ltimately it failed to survive) - Essay Example All these factors led to the fast growth of Buffalo city to its peak in the 1950s. Changes in transportation dynamics were the first shock that jolted the development of Buffalo. Road and rail transport of goods became a more viable means of transporting goods over water transportation on which Buffalo initially flourished. Compounding this was the opening of St. Lawrence Seaway that enabled bypassing Buffalo altogether in the transportation of goods. Improvements to electricity transmission removed the advantage that Buffalo held in the energy requirements of industry. Inclement weather was always a draw back for Buffalo and industries moved away to warmer climes, when Buffalo no longer offered advantages. The final nails in its coffin were a combination of other factors. Actions of the State and local administration only made Buffalo unattractive. The loss of industrial activity was hastened â€Å"high taxes, burdensome regulations, and pro-union laws† (Glaezar, 2007). The high property taxes coupled with the failure of the city administration to provide the safety and good schools were reasons for exodus of city residents. Racial violence, crime and lack of leadership at a time of crisis plunged Buffalo into its decline to virtual death (Glaezar, 2007). The decline of city and its gradual death arises from two reasons. The first reason is the loss of industrial activity and the jobs that it provides. The second reason is when there is failure of the city administration to make the city socially attractive (Bradbury, Downs & Small). When businesses no longer find it profitable to continue activity in a city, which in the case of Buffalo was compounded by high taxes, strict regulations and pro-union laws, they move away to other more suitable locations, leading to loss of jobs. High property taxes and the lack of appropriate social amenities cause the more affluent

AFGHANISTAN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

AFGHANISTAN - Essay Example The male members of Afghanistan’s population keep weapons with them as a sign of their personal honor. This paper contains a description of people and culture of Afghanistan. Afghanistan is an Islamic state and is landlocked which means that it has no sea routes. It can be considered as present in the center of Asia. The citizens of Afghanistan are called Afghans or Afghanis (Dupree 1977). The name of the state Afghanistan is given to it because it is the land of Afghans as they are the nationals of the country. The people of Afghanistan speak Pushto and Persian along with many local dialects. Afghanistan is a rich state in terms of culture and traditions (Jawad 1992). The people of Afghanistan consider themselves strongly associated to their culture, religion, identity and freedom (Toynbee 1961). Afghans live in form of Clans and are deeply rooted in the clan system. They felt themselves associated to other clan members and are always ready to secure their clan members from any attack or inconvenience from any side (Jawad 1992). The country has gone through many hard conditions of warfare and foreign invasion due to which, the country along with its people and culture has suffered immensely (Rall 2002). The country is mostly mountainous with green valleys in between. There are also plains and deserts in Afghanistan. Due to warfare in Afghanistan, many Afghans moved away from Afghanistan to the neighboring states such as Pakistan and Iran (Rall 2002). The people of Afghanistan are divided into many ethnicities or it can be said that Afghanistan is a country of people with mixed ethnicities (Toynbee 1961). It has a multiethnic culture but as far as religion is concerned, the dominant religion is Islam. The ethnic groups in Afghanistan are Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras, Uzbeks, Turkmen, Baluch, Nuristani, Pashai, Aimak and Arabs (Dupree 1977). The Afghani people are identified according to their ethnicity by means of their being resided at different